Nuclear Factor NF-kappa-B p65 Subunit (NFKB3) and NFKB3 ELISA Kit

Introduction to Nuclear Factor NF-kappa-B p65 Subunit (NFKB3)

Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is a critical transcription factor involved in immune responses, inflammation, cell survival, and stress responses. The p65 subunit (NFKB3) is a key component of the NF-κB complex, playing an essential role in gene transcription regulation. It is widely studied for its involvement in cancer, autoimmune diseases, and chronic inflammatory conditions (National Institutes of Health).

Biosynthesis and Function

NFKB3 is synthesized in the cytoplasm and remains inactive due to its association with inhibitor of κB (IκB) proteins. Upon activation via signaling pathways such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and pathogen recognition receptors, NFKB3:

• Dissociates from IκB, translocating into the nucleus.
• Binds to NF-κB-responsive elements on DNA.
• Regulates gene expression related to immune responses, apoptosis, and cell proliferation.
• Promotes cytokine production, adhesion molecule expression, and inflammatory mediator release.

Dysregulation of NFKB3 signaling is linked to several diseases, including chronic inflammation, cancer, and autoimmune disorders (National Cancer Institute).

NFKB3 in Disease and Therapeutic Potential

1. Cancer: Aberrant NF-κB activation contributes to tumor progression, drug resistance, and metastasis. Inhibition of NFKB3 is being explored as a potential cancer therapy (National Cancer Institute).
2. Autoimmune Diseases: NF-κB signaling is overactive in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and inflammatory bowel disease, making it a target for immunomodulatory treatments (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases).
3. Inflammatory Disorders: Chronic activation of NFKB3 is implicated in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and neuroinflammation (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute).
4. Neurodegenerative Diseases: NF-κB plays a role in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, contributing to neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke).

NFKB3 ELISA Kit: Applications and Benefits

The NFKB3 ELISA Kit is a highly specific and sensitive assay designed for quantifying NFKB3 levels in biological samples. It is widely used in:

• Cancer biomarker research (National Cancer Institute).
• Autoimmune disease studies (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases).
• Inflammation and immune response investigations (National Institutes of Health).
• Neurodegenerative disease research (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke).
• Drug screening for NFKB3-targeted therapies (FDA Drug Evaluation).

Features of NFKB3 ELISA Kit

• High sensitivity and specificity for NFKB3 detection.
• Compatible with serum, plasma, and tissue lysates.
• Quantitative measurement of NFKB3 levels.
• Fast and reproducible results for research and clinical applications (NCBI PubMed).
• Automation-compatible for high-throughput analysis.

Protocol for Using the NFKB3 ELISA Kit

1. Sample Preparation: Collect serum, plasma, or tissue lysates following standard biospecimen protocols (CDC Biospecimen Collection Guidelines).
2. Reagent Preparation: Ensure all reagents are at room temperature before use.
3. Assay Procedure:
   • Add 100 μL of diluted samples or standards to each well.
   • Incubate for 1-2 hours at room temperature.
   • Wash thoroughly and add biotinylated detection antibody.
   • Incubate, wash, and add enzyme conjugate.
   • Develop the reaction using TMB substrate and measure absorbance at 450 nm.
4. Data Analysis: Compare sample absorbance values with standard curves to determine NFKB3 concentrations (NIH Data Analysis Guide).

Current Research and Future Directions

Research into NFKB3’s role in immune regulation and disease modulation is rapidly advancing, with key areas of focus including:

• Targeting NF-κB pathways in cancer therapy (National Cancer Institute).
• Exploring NFKB3 as a biomarker for autoimmune diseases (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases).
• Developing NF-κB inhibitors for inflammatory disorders (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute).
• Investigating NF-κB’s role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke).
• Advancing next-generation ELISA kits for precise NFKB3 quantification.

Conclusion

NFKB3 is a key regulator of immune responses, inflammation, and cell survival, with significant implications in cancer, autoimmune diseases, neurodegeneration, and inflammatory disorders. The NFKB3 ELISA Kit provides researchers with an essential tool for quantifying and studying NFKB3 levels in various disease contexts. Ongoing research at leading institutions such as the National Institutes of Health and National Cancer Institute is enhancing our understanding of NFKB3’s therapeutic potential.

For further details on NFKB3 and its biomedical significance, visit PubMed and NCBI.